A new study analyzing ancient proteins from a 400,000-year-old tooth found in China has established a molecular link between Homo erectus, Denisovans, and modern humans. The research, which examined enamel proteins from six *Homo erectus* teeth recovered from sites including Zhoukoudian, suggests that *Homo erectus* in East Asia contributed to the genetic lineage of Denisovans, which in turn influenced modern human populations .
In Siberia, evidence has emerged that Neanderthals performed dental treatment approximately 59,000 years ago. A study led by Alisa V. Zubova, published in *PLOS One*, examined a damaged molar from a Neanderthal individual, suggesting that the tooth may have been drilled to address disease. This finding pushes back the timeline of early dental interventions by hominins .
> Background: **Ancient teeth reveal links between Homo erectus, Denisovans, and Neanderthal dental care.** — *21 minutes ago*