France's National Assembly to vote on assisted dying bill for terminally ill patients

France's National Assembly is set to vote Wednesday on a bill that would allow doctors to help terminally ill patients die. The measure is expected to pass despite opposition from the political right, according to France 24 and the New York Times.
The bill, championed by President Emmanuel Macron, would allow adults with incurable illnesses to access assisted dying. To qualify, patients must be French or have residency permits, be suffering from an incurable illness that is in an advanced or terminal phase, and be experiencing constant, unbearable pain that cannot be relieved. The patient must be capable of making the decision, and the request must be approved by a medical committee. The patient would administer the lethal drug themselves, but if they are unable to do so, a medical professional can assist.
The bill was first introduced in 2024, following President Macron's promise to introduce the legislation after his re-election in 2022. The measure is part of a broader effort to improve end-of-life care in France, which has included expanding palliative care options.
The bill does not explicitly mention suicide or euthanasia but refers to "aid in dying." To qualify, patients must be experiencing constant suffering that cannot be relieved, and their judgment must not be impaired. The patient must make the request themselves, and it must be approved by a medical committee.
The legislative process has been contentious. The Senate, which is controlled by the right wing, has rejected the bill three times. However, under the French constitution, the National Assembly has the final say in legislative matters. After the National Assembly vote, the bill will go to the Constitutional Council for review.
The measure has the support of a majority of the French public but has faced opposition from right-wing public figures, politicians, and religious organizations. Critics argue that the bill could lead to a slippery slope, while supporters say it would provide a dignified option for terminally ill patients.
If the law passes, France would join a small group of nations that permit assisted dying. The Netherlands and Belgium legalized euthanasia in 2002 with strict safeguards, including requirements that the patient be suffering unbearably with no hope of improvement. Switzerland allows assisted dying but prohibits euthanasia. Spain legalized euthanasia and medically assisted dying in 2021 with strict conditions, including written requests and approval by an evaluation committee.
In other European countries, the issue remains contentious. Slovenia and Portugal have had laws decriminalizing assisted dying suspended or blocked. Italy and the UK are still debating the issue, with no national legislation in place.
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