The European Commission has clarified that airlines cannot retroactively add fuel surcharges to already sold tickets, even as fuel prices rise due to the Middle East crisis. While airlines may cancel flights without refunds in cases of proven jet fuel shortages, high fuel costs alone do not justify fare increases under EU rules . Despite these restrictions, British Airways (BA) plans to raise fares to offset a €2 billion increase in its annual fuel bill, attributed to the Iran war. Parent company IAG expects to recover 60% of the additional costs through higher ticket prices and cost management, with its fuel bill now projected at €9 billion, up from €7.1 billion .
EU gas and electricity prices for non-household consumers declined in the second half of 2025. Eurostat data shows gas prices fell by 8.3% and electricity prices by 3.5% during this period, though the Iran war continued to negatively impact energy costs for businesses . In Estonia, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 3.4% year-on-year in April, driven primarily by higher fuel, housing, and food costs .
Rising fuel costs are also affecting transportation in Yemen, where price hikes have led to increased fares, exacerbating financial hardship for passengers .