Pakistan launches ground and air strikes in eastern Afghanistan after Karachi attack

Pakistan launched overnight ground and air operations in eastern Afghanistan on Sunday night, killing at least 29 militants, Islamabad said Monday, as tensions between the two neighbours escalated following a deadly attack on Pakistani paramilitary forces in Karachi.
According to Pakistani military statements, the operation included a ground incursion along the border followed by precision airstrikes targeting militant hideouts in the provinces of Paktia, Paktika and Kunar. Islamabad claimed the strikes destroyed three militant compounds and killed 29 fighters linked to cross-border violence, including a faction of Pakistani Taliban dissidents operating from Afghan soil .
The Pakistani government described the strikes as retaliatory after gunmen killed three soldiers in an attack on a paramilitary Rangers camp in Karachi late Saturday . Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi told reporters the operation was “intelligence-based” and aimed at dismantling militant safe havens .
Kabul immediately condemned the raids. Taliban authorities in Afghanistan said the strikes killed and injured dozens of civilians, including women and children, in border villages . The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs called the attacks “a cowardly act of aggression” and summoned the Pakistani chargé d’affaires in Kabul .
Since last autumn, the two countries have repeatedly exchanged fire across their porous border, with each blaming the other for harbouring militant groups. Pakistani officials allege that Afghan territory is being used by Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) factions to launch attacks inside Pakistan, while Afghan authorities deny providing sanctuary and accuse Islamabad of violating sovereignty .
The latest escalation risks further destabilising a region already grappling with economic hardship and Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Analysts warn that tit-for-tat strikes could spiral into a broader confrontation, drawing in regional powers and humanitarian actors .
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan has called for restraint and urged both sides to respect international humanitarian law, while neighbouring countries have privately expressed concern over the risk of wider spillover .
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