Dutch poultry waste processor blocked by nitrogen rules as invasive bullfrog spreads in Brabant; Greek study debunks centuries-old livestock-toad myth
A Dutch poultry manure incinerator’s plan to switch to biogas production has stalled due to temporary nitrogen emissions during construction, officials confirm, while authorities in Noord-Brabant scramble to contain the invasive American bullfrog after a specimen was found near Valkenswaard. Meanwhile, a new study in *PLoS ONE* dismantles a long-held Greek belief that toads attack livestock to steal milk.
BMC Moerdijk, a major chicken manure incinerator in the Netherlands, secured funding and finalized designs to transition to anaerobic digestion for biogas production, but the project has been halted by the country’s strict nitrogen regulations. The temporary increase in nitrogen emissions during facility upgrades triggered a permit denial, according to a report in *NRC* . The company has not announced a revised timeline.
In Noord-Brabant, a nature club discovered an American bullfrog—a species known for outcompeting native amphibians—in a pond south of Valkenswaard, prompting a province-wide alert. The bullfrog, likely introduced through the pet trade, poses a threat to local ecosystems, officials said . Authorities are monitoring the area for further sightings.
Separately, researchers have disproven a centuries-old Greek folk belief that toads attack livestock to drink their milk. A study published in *PLoS ONE* found no evidence that toads target goats, sheep, or cattle, despite widespread accounts of nocturnal barn raids causing mastitis and livestock deaths. The myth persisted across mainland Greece until recent decades . Scientists attribute the misconception to misidentified nocturnal predators and cultural transmission.