Anthony Fauci, the former director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), invoked the Fifth Amendment over 100 times during a Senate hearing on Wednesday. The hearing, led by Republican Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, focused on the origins of COVID-19 and the handling of the pandemic.
Fauci, who served as a top public health official in the United States for nearly four decades, refused to answer questions from Republican senators, citing his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. According to reports, Fauci's legal team advised him not to testify, arguing that anything he said under oath could expose him to new legal risks.
Senator Rand Paul, who led the hearing, has long accused Fauci of misleading Congress and the public about the origins of COVID-19. Paul has suggested that the virus may have leaked from a laboratory in Wuhan, China, and questioned whether US-funded research played a role in the outbreak. Fauci has consistently denied these allegations, calling them "absurd."
During the hearing, Fauci stated that he was following the advice of his lawyers. "On the advice of my counsel, I will be invoking my right under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to refrain from answering your questions," Fauci said. He also accused Senator Paul of having an "obvious obsession" with trying to accuse him of criminal actions.
Former President Joe Biden granted Fauci a preemptive pardon in 2025, which protects him from federal prosecution for actions taken between 2014 and 2025. However, Republicans argue that this pardon does not protect Fauci from any alleged crimes committed after it was issued, such as perjuring himself at a Senate hearing.
Fauci's diary entries from the pandemic, which were recently made public, have fueled the debate. Senator Paul released over 1,000 pages of Fauci's notes, which he claims contain information that contradicts Fauci's public statements about the pandemic.
In his opening statement, Fauci defended his actions during the pandemic and criticized Senator Paul's motives. "The only conclusion I can draw is that the only reason you called me to this committee is to get me to say something — anything — that could justify your repeated public promises that I, in your words, will end up 'behind bars,'" Fauci said.
The hearing highlighted the ongoing political divisions over the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origins of the virus. Fauci, who became the public face of the US response to the pandemic, has been a target of conservative criticism over pandemic policies, including mask recommendations, vaccines, and school closures.
Fauci served as the director of NIAID for 38 years and advised seven presidents, both Republican and Democratic. He retired in 2022 but has remained a controversial figure in the debate over the pandemic response.
The hearing concluded with Fauci's repeated invocations of the Fifth Amendment, underscoring the legal and political complexities surrounding the investigation into the origins of COVID-19 and the actions taken by public health officials during the pandemic.
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