
Lebanon’s parliament on Tuesday abolished the death penalty, making it the first country in the Middle East to formally end capital punishment. The 128-member assembly approved the law after amendments, replacing death sentences with life imprisonment plus aggravated hard labour, according to the speaker’s office .
Justice Minister Adel Nassar called the decision “historic” and said the death penalty had previously hindered Lebanon’s efforts to extradite suspects from countries where capital punishment is banned . The vote passed with majority support, though the Hezbollah parliamentary bloc opposed the measure .
Lebanon had not carried out an execution since 2004, though courts continued to issue death sentences. As of late 2025, 85 people remained on death row, according to the Lebanese Ministry of Justice’s Directorate of Prisons . The new law applies retroactively, meaning past crimes will also be punishable by life imprisonment .
Human Rights Watch researcher Ramzi Kaiss described the move as “a monumental step for human rights in the country, representing a clear break from a cruel and arbitrary sentence that should never be imposed” . Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa director, Heba Morayef, said the abolition transforms Lebanon’s long-standing moratorium into “lasting legal protection upholding the right to life” .
The European Union’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, congratulated Lebanon, calling the decision “a historic achievement” and “a significant step forward for human rights” . Kallas added that Lebanon’s move sets “a powerful example for other countries in the Middle East and beyond” .
The abolition comes as Lebanon’s parliament debates a controversial general amnesty law, the largest since the end of its 15-year civil war in 1990, which could reduce sentences or release some convicted of violent offenses . Some legislators noted that the terms of the new punishment—aggravated hard labour—are not yet fully defined, and enforcement may be challenging due to Lebanon’s overcrowded prisons and limited resources .
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