China has overtaken Germany as Spain’s top supplier, significantly reshaping Europe’s trade dynamics and increasing economic ties between China and the EU. This shift reflects broader trends in European reliance on Chinese imports, particularly in critical sectors .
European industries are grappling with overcapacity in China, which is influencing production and trade strategies. Western automakers are leveraging Chinese manufacturing to export lower-cost vehicles to Europe, raising concerns about market competition and job security in the EU . Similarly, Sandoz, a generics drugmaker spun off from Novartis, has urged the EU to investigate alleged dumping by Chinese firms, warning that overcapacity threatens Europe’s self-reliance in essential antibiotics .
The EU is taking steps to reduce dependence on Chinese supply chains, particularly in the automotive sector. Following the Nexperia crisis, which exposed vulnerabilities tied to a single Chinese-linked chip supplier, the EU is pressuring carmakers to diversify their semiconductor sources . Meanwhile, European governments are promoting local production through initiatives like the "Rabla 2026" program, which incentivizes the purchase of vehicles manufactured within the EU .
Germany’s efforts to secure critical raw materials, such as lithium for electric vehicle batteries, are facing delays, highlighting challenges in reducing reliance on China. Despite EU support and contracts with Mercedes-Benz, projects like Rock Tech Lithium’s planned refinery in Brandenburg remain stalled . At the same time, German auto suppliers like Eberspächer are expanding operations in China, aiming to triple revenue there by 2028, with potential exports of Chinese-made components back to Europe .
The broader debate over "de-risking" from China continues, with questions over whether Western policies are aimed at reducing dependence or containing China’s economic growth. Beijing has tightened control over supply chains, while Europe and the U.S. seek to limit exposure to Chinese dominance in key industries . Some analysts argue that China’s influence is so entrenched that Europe is effectively "sanctioning itself" by adopting policies that align with Beijing’s interests without direct coercion .
> Background: **German supplier Eberspcher targets China to triple revenue amid EU supply chain concerns.** — *10 hours ago*