German parliament approves expanded police powers including facial recognition and phone surveillance

Germany’s Bundestag and Bundesrat on Friday approved a sweeping reform of the Federal Police Act, granting the Bundespolizei expanded powers after more than five years of debate across three governments.
The law, which updates a framework largely unchanged since 1994, allows the Bundespolizei to use real-time facial recognition in high-risk situations at train stations and other areas under its jurisdiction, with child abduction cited as a potential use case. It also introduces telecommunications surveillance powers, including phone tracking and monitoring of messenger services, to combat extremism and human trafficking. Officers may now request deportation custody or detention for foreign nationals subject to removal if encountered in their operational zones, such as airports and train stations, to prevent them from evading authorities.
Additional measures permit random, suspicionless checks in weapon- and knife-free zones on trains and at stations, as well as AI-assisted video analysis to detect criminal behavior patterns, such as assaults or individuals falling onto tracks. Baden-Württemberg Interior Minister Manuel Hagel (CDU) noted during the Bundesrat debate that the Bundespolizei may now deploy its own drones for surveillance and defense. The Bundestag’s final vote required a constitutional majority of 316 lawmakers after a procedural error in July; this time, 322 voted in favor, with 134 against and 118 abstentions .
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