Study links early social media use to lower test scores in Italian adolescents

Early social media use is linked to lower academic performance in adolescents, according to a study published in *Nature Human Behaviour* on Aug. 3, 2026. Researchers led by Marco Gui of the University of Milano-Bicocca analyzed data from 5,227 students across 28 schools in northern Italy, tracking the age at which they opened their first social media accounts and their subsequent test scores in Italian, English, and mathematics.
Students who created accounts in sixth grade (ages 11–12) scored 0.22 standard deviations lower in Italian and 0.18 standard deviations lower in mathematics by eighth grade compared to peers who waited until ninth grade or later. The gap persisted into 10th grade, with early users scoring 0.22 standard deviations lower in Italian and 0.27 in mathematics. No significant difference was found in English, which the authors suggested may stem from the prevalence of English-language content on social platforms, potentially aiding informal learning .
The study controlled for factors such as parental education and socioeconomic background, reinforcing the likelihood of a causal link between early social media adoption and academic performance. The authors noted that frequent phone use correlated with earlier account creation and lower scores, though the specific mechanisms—such as distraction, reduced study time, or cognitive overload—were not directly examined .
Separate research from Aalto University, also published Aug. 3, found that the stress associated with smartphone use is more closely tied to "porous use"—repeatedly checking devices for short periods—than to total screen time. Doctoral researcher Henrik Lassila, who led the study, tracked 277 participants over seven months, analyzing hundreds of thousands of hours of device activity. Lassila observed that this pattern is unique to phones, as users frequently pull them out for brief checks, unlike computers .
Olli Kiviruusu, research manager at the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, emphasized that screen time itself may be less significant than the underlying reasons for constant phone use. He noted that social media algorithms and the fear of missing out contribute to compulsive checking, which can displace essential activities like sleep, exercise, or schoolwork .
In Finland, doctoral researcher Anna Kuusi at the University of Eastern Finland examined perfectionism among ninth-graders, high school students, and vocational school students. Her study, reported on Aug. 3, highlighted concerns about meeting self-imposed expectations, with many adolescents expressing dissatisfaction with their achievements .
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