
Paleontologists have uncovered fossilized shark teeth in Egypt’s Abu-Tartur Plateau, revealing that at least seven shark species once thrived in the waters covering northern Africa during the Cretaceous period, according to a study published in *Cretaceous Research*. The team, led by Tarek Yassin of the University of Cairo, identified two species previously unknown in Egypt, suggesting a nutrient-rich marine ecosystem supported by upwelling currents that fueled high productivity .
The fossils were found in the Duwi Formation, a layer of sediment that once formed the seabed of a shallow sea spanning parts of North Africa. During the Cretaceous, roughly 145 to 66 million years ago, higher sea levels submerged vast land areas, including regions now part of the Egyptian desert. The presence of phosphate deposits in the area further indicates a historically fertile marine environment, the researchers noted.
In a separate discovery, archaeologists in Peru unearthed human remains at the Huaca Pucllana site in Lima, believed to be part of a ritual burial linked to the pre-Columbian Lima culture, which flourished between the 1st and 7th centuries. The skeleton, found in a pit, was positioned on its left side with its head oriented toward a pyramid and the Pacific Ocean, according to Gladys Paz, the excavation leader. Paz stated the remains could help reconstruct the culture’s ceremonial practices, which predated the Inca Empire by approximately 700 years .
Meanwhile, a long-standing debate over the location of Vilcabamba, the last Inca capital, resurfaced after reports highlighted conflicting claims by explorers. In 1911, American professor Hiram Bingham III announced the discovery of Machu Picchu, asserting it was the lost city. However, in 1964, explorer Gene Savoy argued that the true Vilcabamba—meaning “sacred plain” in Quechua—lay 60 kilometers northwest at Espiritu Pampa, a ruin site above an Amazon tributary. Savoy’s claim was investigated by a BBC team within weeks of his announcement, as the site was believed to have housed Inca resistance efforts against Spanish conquistadors before its abandonment in 1572 .
In Egypt, another archaeological find has puzzled researchers: a 2,000-year-old tomb near Luxor contained a mummified dog placed directly on the legs of a man and woman buried together. The unusual arrangement has raised questions about ancient Egyptian beliefs regarding the afterlife and human-animal relationships .
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