German government approves intelligence reform expanding spy agencies' powers amid opposition backlash

The German government on Wednesday approved a sweeping reform of the country’s intelligence services, granting the Federal Intelligence Service (BND) and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution expanded powers to counter terrorism, cyberattacks, and foreign espionage.
The reform, set for a cabinet decision on Aug. 12, allows the agencies to take active measures in clearly defined cases, including the ability to intervene directly against threats such as sabotage and cyberattacks. A draft law also introduces new oversight mechanisms, including a strengthened independent control council to exercise "court-like" supervision over the BND and the domestic intelligence agency .
Opposition parties sharply criticized the plans. FDP General Secretary Martin Hagen called the reform a "fatal signal," arguing it undermines the separation between police and intelligence work and risks damaging Germany’s reputation as a liberal constitutional state. "A key location factor for Germany is that we are a liberal democracy with a functioning rule of law. In competition with authoritarian regimes, it is important not to cast doubt on this," Hagen told the German Press Agency .
FDP leader Wolfgang Kubicki went further, accusing the government of a "historic taboo breach" and warning against the creation of a "secret police." He emphasized the need for full judicial oversight of any restrictions on fundamental rights and stated, "I do not want a secret police in Germany" .
The Left Party also rejected the reform. Defense policy spokesman Ulrich Thoden described it as "actionism" that expands the powers of intelligence services while reducing oversight. He argued that the existing system, which separates intelligence gathering from law enforcement, has proven effective and that the proposed changes risk creating inefficient and constitutionally questionable dual structures .
SPD lawmaker Daniel Baldy, a member of the Parliamentary Control Panel, defended the reform, stating it aims to bring German intelligence services "on a par with our European partners" through new control mechanisms and technical capabilities .
The reform follows calls from some lawmakers, including Mark Heinrichmann, head of the Bundestag’s Committee on Parliamentary Control, for intelligence services to adopt a more proactive stance against cyber threats, including the ability to launch counterattacks .
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