Romanias deficit narrows but economists warn debt could hit 90% of GDP by 2036

Romanias deficit narrows but economists warn debt could hit 90% of GDP by 2036
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Romania’s public finances face a critical test as economists and international institutions warn that unchecked deficit spending risks pushing the country’s debt-to-GDP ratio to 90% by 2036, far sooner than previously projected. The European Commission’s 2026 Convergence Report, published on 25 June 2026, projects Romania’s debt will rise from 61.6% of GDP this year to around 90% by 2036 unless fiscal discipline is tightened immediately .

The warning comes as Romania’s budget deficit narrowed to 1.75% of GDP in the first five months of 2026, a positive sign ahead of Moody’s and Fitch credit rating reviews scheduled for July . Economist Adrian Negrescu called the reduction “a breath of fresh air” but cautioned it does not address structural weaknesses, urging sustained fiscal consolidation to avoid a downgrade to junk status .

National Bank of Romania chief economist Valentin Lazea has gone further, proposing a cross-party “fiscal pact” to enforce binding targets on inflation, deficit, and growth regardless of government composition. Lazea highlighted that Romania currently has the EU’s highest inflation and largest budget deficit, with public debt set to exceed 60% of GDP in 2026—levels that could jeopardise the country’s investment-grade rating .

Raiffeisen Bank chief economist Ionuț Dumitru issued a stark warning that any backsliding on deficit reduction could push Romania into junk territory, while also cautioning that tax cuts risk undermining fiscal credibility . The European Commission’s report underscores the urgency, noting that without immediate action, Romania’s debt trajectory could accelerate beyond even the revised projections.

Analysts stress that the next two years are decisive. Failure to stabilise debt risks higher borrowing costs, reduced foreign investment, and prolonged austerity down the line. With rating agencies poised to act within weeks, the government faces a narrow window to demonstrate a credible, multi-year plan to curb spending and restore fiscal sustainability.

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