The 30th Ibero-American Summit concluded in Madrid on Thursday with 22 leaders adopting agreements on artificial intelligence and disaster prevention, but with Argentina's President Javier Milei highlighting ideological divisions.

The leaders approved the Declaration of Madrid, establishing the Ibero-American Network for Disaster Risk Reduction and Civil Protection and the Ibero-American Artificial Intelligence Alliance. The disaster network was a proposal originally put forward by Portugal. They also adopted the Ibero-American Charter for Academic Mobility, the Ibero-American Charter for Care and Support, and a new Ibero-American Cooperation Strategy.

Argentine President Javier Milei did not attend Wednesday's official inauguration at the Teatro Real or the gala dinner. On Thursday, he exchanged a distant greeting with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez before the plenary session at the Galería de Colecciones Reales. The greeting came after Milei had called Sánchez an "impresentable dictator" and "corrupt" during a visit to Spain two weeks earlier.

During his address, Milei equated socialism with fascism, stating: "Socialism is fascist in politics and fascism is socialist in economics," and accused both of sharing "hatred for the free market" and adoring state intervention.

Sánchez, who called the summit "a great success," declined to respond directly to Milei's remarks, saying: "Presidents are here to unite countries, especially in multilateral spaces; insult is not part of my way of doing and understanding politics."

Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica and Paraguay did not support point 4 of the declaration. The point rejects "coercion and the application of measures contrary to International Law and the UN Charter that hinder states' capacity to address their development needs and priorities." Argentina also declined to back the AI alliance, the academic mobility charter, and the care charter.

Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the two largest Latin American countries by population, did not attend. Only 10 heads of state and government were present, with other nations represented by vice presidents and foreign ministers. Chilean President José Antonio Kast, another right-wing leader, participated without public friction.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky made a surprise appearance, asking leaders for support to keep energy systems operational during Russian attacks. He specifically requested transformers from Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Colombia, cables from Chile, and electrical equipment and generators from Spain.

Honduran President Nasry Asfura assumed the pro tempore secretariat, with the next summit scheduled for Honduras in 2028, while Portuguese President António José Seguro announced that Portugal will host the 32nd summit in 2030.