Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten's minority cabinet is in crisis after a tax plan passed without support from the right-wing VVD party, triggering marathon crisis talks that failed to resolve the coalition's future.

The tax package passed in parliament on Thursday after months of negotiations. It passed without votes from the VVD, one of three parties in Jetten's coalition. The coalition consists of his centrist D66, the conservative Christian CDA, and the VVD.

Jetten held ten hours of crisis talks with coalition leaders on Friday. He told reporters he remained hopeful about "continuing to talk" after the tax deal with the left and without the VVD.

But VVD leader Dilan Yesilgöz called the minority cabinet a "failed experiment" shortly after the talks ended.

The VVD has not withdrawn from the government, and the coalition technically survives for now.

Vice-Premier Bart van den Brink of the CDA said he would not choose sides, declaring "I am the cabinet camp."

The crisis talks will continue this weekend.

The tax plan now moves to the Eerste Kamer, the upper house of parliament. If the VVD also votes against it there, the government will need support from single-member factions to pass it.