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Danube drought forces Romania to shut nuclear reactor, Hungary warns of power shortfall

Danube drought forces Romania to shut nuclear reactor, Hungary warns of power shortfall
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Record low water levels on the Danube River have pushed Central and Eastern Europe to the brink of an energy crisis, with nuclear power plants in Romania and Hungary struggling to maintain operations due to insufficient cooling water.

Romania’s Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, which supplies about one-fifth of the country’s electricity, shut down one of its two reactors last week as the Danube’s water levels plummeted. On Monday, Romanian authorities detonated 180 kg of explosives to remove a rock formation obstructing water flow toward the plant, an operation led by the Romanian Navy with support from the Defense Ministry. Interim Defense Minister Radu Miruță told Digi24 the blast successfully diverted additional water toward Cernavodă, raising levels at the plant’s intake pumps by 4 cm within 20 hours—a critical gain as levels had been dropping by 2 cm daily .

Hungary’s Paks nuclear plant, which provides about one-third of the country’s electricity, narrowly avoided a full shutdown after water levels rose slightly overnight, Prime Minister Péter Magyar said. Engineers had reduced the plant’s cooling water requirements to keep it online, but Magyar warned the situation remained critical .

Romania’s interim Prime Minister Ilie Bolojan declared a nationwide energy alert on July 31, urging industrial consumers to cut electricity use during peak evening hours. Over 80 major energy-intensive companies, including Dacia and Ford car plants, began scaling back production or halting operations to ease grid pressure. Dacia and Ford temporarily suspended production until August 19, reducing consumption by around 200 MW, while wood panel manufacturer Kronospan cut its usage by up to 50% .

The drought has also slashed hydropower generation across the region, with the Danube and other rivers at historic lows. The European Commission said it was prepared to activate its Electricity Coordination Group to address the crisis .

In Romania, authorities are considering additional measures, including scuttling four barges to further redirect water toward Cernavodă. The plant’s second reactor remains at risk if water levels continue to fall. Meanwhile, Hungary’s government has called for voluntary energy conservation as the country faces a potential shortfall of up to 1,000 MW .

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