Europe smashes two-month heat record as drought chokes rivers and triggers water bans

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8 days · 11 summary articles
Western Europe recorded its hottest June-July period on record, with an average temperature of 21.62°C, according to data released Monday by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The two-month average surpassed the previous record set in 2022 by 2.79°C, with July marking the third consecutive month of exceptional heat in the region, said Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for climate at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts .
The extreme temperatures have amplified widespread drought, with soil moisture levels significantly lower than during the last severe drought in July 2022. The dry conditions have driven rivers to historic lows, including the Rhine in Germany, where water levels have dropped so sharply that shipping disruptions are expected, and the Danube, where receding waters have exposed long-buried artifacts .
The United Kingdom declared drought across 71.3% of England after recording its driest July on record, with the British Environment Agency imposing irrigation restrictions on farmers and hosepipe bans in some regions. More than 27 million people in Britain are now under water-use restrictions as the country braces for its fifth heatwave of the summer .
In France, water-use restrictions now cover nearly 70% of the country, affecting activities such as crop irrigation, garden watering, and filling swimming pools. Spain recorded its joint-hottest July since 1961, with just 4.3 millimeters of rain—26% of normal precipitation—fueling wildfires, including blazes in Andalusia that have forced the evacuation of nearly 500 people .
The economic toll is mounting, with wildfires in Spain, France, Portugal, and Greece already causing nearly €3 billion in damages, according to conservative estimates. In Austria, the hagel insurance chief described the agricultural losses as a “historical drought catastrophe,” with estimated damages exceeding €1 billion .
Sea temperatures along the Atlantic coast and western Mediterranean also reached record highs in July, bringing severe marine heatwave conditions, while the BDB inland shipping group warned that parts of the Rhine may soon become unnavigable . Hungary’s Paks nuclear power plant, which had reduced operations to 10% due to low Danube levels, began restarting a second turbine after water levels rose .
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